Exploring The Interconnected Impact Of Child Marriage On Maternal Health With A Case Study Of Obstetric Fistula In Zambia: A Social Legal Study, Doctrinal Analysis

Abstract

Objectives: This study examines the link between child marriage and obstetric fistula in Zambia, highlighting the socio-cultural, economic, and legal factors contributing to the persistence of both issues. It aims to assess their impact on maternal health and gender equality, particularly in the context of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and Goal 5 (Gender Equality).

Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in feminist theory and human rights perspectives, emphasizing the intersectionality of gender discrimination, poverty, and legal disparities that sustain harmful traditional practices. It also draws upon public health and socio-legal frameworks to analyze the structural barriers to eradicating child marriage and obstetric fistula.

Method: A mixed-methods approach was adopted, incorporating quantitative analysis of national demographic health survey data and qualitative insights from in-depth interviews with affected women, healthcare providers, and policymakers. Data were analyzed using thematic coding and regression modeling to identify key correlations.

Results and Discussion: Findings indicate that 75% of obstetric fistula cases in Zambia occur in women who were married as children, primarily due to prolonged labor and inadequate maternal healthcare. Legal inconsistencies between statutory and customary laws perpetuate early marriages, while socio-economic factors further limit access to healthcare services. The discussion highlights the need for integrated legal, health, and community interventions to address this crisis.

Research Implications: This study underscores the urgent need for policy reforms, improved healthcare infrastructure, and community-driven awareness campaigns to reduce child marriage rates and prevent obstetric fistula. It also advocates for stronger enforcement of legal provisions protecting girls from early marriage.

Originality/Value: By linking child marriage and obstetric fistula within the framework of the SDGs, this research provides new insights into the systemic challenges hindering maternal health and gender equality in Zambia, offering evidence-based recommendations for sustainable intervention strategies.