A Review On Ground Improvement Techniques By Soil Nailing

Abstract

This paper explores modern ground improvement techniques in geotechnical engineering, focusing on their transformative impact on construction practices. Unlike traditional methods that adjust designs to accommodate natural soil limitations, modern techniques manipulate soil conditions to meet project specifications, aiming to enhance construction efficiency while reducing costs and implementation time. Over the past decade, significant advancements have been made in ground improvement techniques, offering a diverse range of methods to enhance soil mechanical and engineering properties. Each technique has its own limitations and suitability factors, aim to achieve maximum improvement with minimal effort. Two prominent ground improvement techniques discussed are micro piling and soil nailing. Micro piles, with their small diameter and grouted frictional design, are highly effective in enhancing bearing capacity and reducing settlements, especially when used to reinforce existing foundations. Soil nailing is used both to stabilize existing unstable slopes and to allow for the safe steepening of slopes during construction. Through comprehensive reviews, including numerical analyses and case studies, the efficacy of these techniques in stabilizing slopes and retaining vertical cuts is highlighted. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the broader context of slope stabilization, particularly in mitigating landslides. Soil nailing emerges as a cost-effective alternative to traditional methods such as retaining walls, offering effective reinforcement of steep slopes by driving reinforcement into the soil. Research findings indicate that soil nailing exhibits reduced deformation compared to untreated slopes and is up to 30% more economical than classical methods for slope improvement and repair. Additionally, the study explores the flexibility of facing types, with flexible facing proving more cost-effective despite allowing for greater deformation. In conclusion, the pressing need for ground improvement techniques amid rapid urbanization and infrastructure development is addressed. Various modern methods, including soil reinforcement with fibres, geosynthetics, and geocell reinforcement, are discussed as viable solutions to enhance soil strength and bearing capacity. By conducting meticulous analysis and long-term performance evaluation, engineers can develop efficient designs tailored to specific applications, further advancing the field of ground improvement in civil engineering.[1][2][3]