Exploring Previous Studies Related To Individual Education Plans For Students With Special Education Needs Visual Impairment

Abstract

In general, MBPK are known as students who need special methods for their learning process as a result of the deficiencies they face. According to the Malaysian Ministry of Education (2022), students with special educational needs means children who are certified by certain specialists such as medical practitioners, opticians, audiologists or psychologists as applicable whether in government service or not as students who have visual disability, hearing disability, speech disability, physical disability and learning disability or any combination of disability and disability that has been specified. Operationally in this country's education system, the categories for MBPK are determined into three main categories, namely MBPK for hearing disabilities, MBPK for visual disabilities and MBPK for learning disabilities. MBPK for the hearing disability category requires special communication methods such as Malaysian Sign Language (BIM) and Malay Sign Code (KTBM) in learning, while for the visually impaired category it requires a white cane, magnifying lens and Braille machine. As for the category of learning disabilities, there are various other sub-categories that can also be referred to as the category such as down syndrome, autism, dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, cerebral palsy, intellectual problems, learning problems, hyperactive, intelligent and physical problems. Through these three main categories as well, there are combinations of disabilities that make up various disabilities such as deaf-blindness, deafness and autism and many more. All these students need specific methods, attention and needs in learning.