Mapping The Disparities Between Urban And Rural Areas In The Global Attainment Of Sustainable Development Goals, Economic And Social Aspects Of Global Rural-Urban Migration

Abstract

This paper examines the disparities between urban and rural regions in achieving sustainable development objectives, drawing on a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, case studies, and empirical data. The biggest dangers to sustainable urbanization in the world's numerous rapidly growing economies are growing socioeconomic disparities and environmental degradation. This paper analyzes global urban change challenges and suggests policy alternatives that could promote more sustainable urbanization, drawing on experiences from around the world. In the whole world, plans for economic growth and their unequal geographical dimensions are directly associated with urbanization and growth. The paper offers several policy choices, the first of which would have positive effects on the economy, the second on the environment, and the final three on equity. Sustainable development, including but not limited to access to clean water, sanitation, healthcare, education, employment opportunities, and environmental conservation, is explored within the urban-rural context. The analysis highlights disparities in infrastructure, service provision, resource allocation, governance, and socio-economic indicators between urban and rural areas. Factors contributing to these disparities are examined, encompassing demographic trends, migration patterns, land use dynamics, policy frameworks, institutional capacities, and socio-cultural factors. It has been discovered that migration into a nation's metropolitan areas is a prevalent factor in population dynamics. But these dynamics have a big impact on people's lives in other ways as well: economic, cultural, political, and social. not to mention the final destination of urban-related Sustainable Development Goals. This paper assesses the implications of urban-rural disparities for overall sustainable development progress, considering interconnectedness, spillover effects, and differential impacts on vulnerable populations. The findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions, multi-level governance approaches, and inclusive policies to address urban-rural disparities and advance sustainable development goals comprehensively. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders to promote equitable and inclusive development, harnessing the potential of both urban and rural areas to contribute to a more sustainable future. In the economic dimension, the paper explores the drivers of rural-urban migration, including push factors such as poverty, limited employment opportunities, land degradation, and environmental stressors, as well as pull factors such as perceived economic opportunities, higher wages, and better access to services in urban areas. It underscores the importance of holistic policy approaches that address both the economic drivers and social impacts of migration, promote inclusive development strategies, and support the well-being of migrants and host communities alike.