CHANGING AWARENESS, TESTING AND TRANSMISSION OF HIV IN PREGNANCY

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global health concern, with sexual transmission being predominant in India, accounting for 86% of cases. Despite a decline in HIV incidence, the prevalence remains significant, affecting approximately 2.3 million people in India. Henceforth, this study aimed to assess changes in the level of testing and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT).

 METHODOLOGY

A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) centre, analyzing records of patients from January 2012 to December 2013 and January 2021 to December 2022. Data included testing, sociodemographic factors, and pregnancy outcomes.

 RESULTS

In 2012-2013, 11,232 patients were tested, with a 0.5% prevalence among antenatal patients. The recent period of 2021-2022 saw increased testing (20,767), with a decreased prevalence of 0.3%. Notably, the MTCT rate dropped to 3%. Analysis of age, parity, literacy, and residential distribution revealed changing trends. Migrant labourers remained predominant, and antenatal outcomes showed a shift over time.

 CONCLUSION

Seropositivity among antenatal populations poses a significant challenge. While national programs show progress, there is a need to address complexities in HIV seropositivity. Bridging gaps in reproductive health and targeted interventions are imperative.