Bridging The Gap: A Conceptual Framework For Effective Technology Transfer In Indian Universities.

Abstract

Indian universities are increasingly recognized not just as educational institutions, but as dynamic engines of innovation and socio-economic progress. However, the journey from lab-based research to market-ready technology remains hindered by fragmented systems, limited commercialization pathways, and weak industry linkages. This study develops and validates a contextualized conceptual framework that enhances technology transfer in Indian universities, focusing on the successful incubation of university spin-offs and start-ups. Drawing on a mix of secondary literature and primary data from 289 institutions—including central, state, and private universities—this research identifies six critical drivers of incubation support: national policy initiatives, resource availability, financial assistance, awareness programs, industrial linkages, and intellectual property rights (IPR) management. Statistical analysis through ANOVA confirms the significant influence of these enablers on incubation success and the broader technology transfer landscape. The proposed framework not only unifies these strategic components but also offers a scalable, actionable roadmap for stakeholders—including government bodies, academic leaders, and industry collaborators—to foster entrepreneurial growth and innovation. Ultimately, this research contributes to positioning India as a global leader in academic entrepreneurship, offering empirical insights that bridge the gap between knowledge creation and commercialization.