Establishment of Mewar by Bappa Rawal: A Historical Analysis

Abstract

The rise of Bappa Rawal and his establishment of Mewar in the 8th century constitute a defining moment in the political and cultural history of Rajputana. This research paper seeks to critically analyze the historical circumstances that facilitated Bappa Rawal’s emergence as a powerful leader, particularly his conquest of Chittorgarh and the subsequent foundation of the Mewar polity. Drawing upon literary sources, inscriptions, and regional traditions, the paper explores the political vacuum created by the decline of earlier dynasties, the role of local alliances, and the integration of warrior groups that enabled Bappa Rawal to consolidate authority. Special attention is given to his military strategies, ranging from fortification and defensive warfare to diplomatic alliances with neighboring powers, that ensured the stability of the newly founded kingdom. The analysis also highlights the symbolic and ideological significance of Bappa Rawal’s rule, which not only safeguarded Mewar against external incursions, particularly from Arab invaders, but also laid down the foundational ethos of Rajput valor, kinship solidarity, and political autonomy. In doing so, the research situates Bappa Rawal’s legacy within the broader trajectory of medieval Indian state formation and underscores his role in shaping the identity and resilience of Rajput polities in the centuries that followed.