A Study On Challenges In ESL Reading And Writing: Comparative Global Trends And Indian Educational Challenges

Abstract

This study explores the global and Indian challenges associated with developing English as a Second Language (ESL) reading and writing skills among learners. While international research highlights the growing use of technology, digital feedback tools, and innovative pedagogies to enhance literacy outcomes, these methods are not always accessible or effectively implemented. In India, multilingual classrooms, limited resources, variations in teacher effectiveness, and uneven digital access further complicate the development of reading comprehension and writing proficiency. By comparing global best practices with India’s local educational realities, this study identifies key gaps in instruction, feedback, and learning environments. The findings suggest that combining teacher training, context-sensitive pedagogies, and structured technological integration can significantly strengthen ESL reading and writing outcomes. The study concludes with recommendations for more inclusive, scalable, and culturally relevant strategies to improve literacy skills in diverse learning contexts.