Implementation Of Action Observation Therapy In Optimizing The Process Of Motor Recovery In A Six Year Old Male Child With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report.

Abstract

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent cause of motor impairment in children, often stemming from prenatal or perinatal brain disturbances. This case report presents a six-year-old male child with a history of premature birth and delayed development. Clinical evaluation revealed manifestations typical of spastic diplegic CP, including gait abnormalities, muscular stiffness, and poor balance. Various outcome measures, including the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS), were employed to assess motor function and spasticity. A tailored multimodal physiotherapy approach was formulated to address the diverse challenges faced by the child.

Method: A six-year-old male child visited the Pediatric Physiotherapy Outpatient department with issues related to standing and walking. In this case study, throughout the intervention, the patient's progress was monitored using the Gross Motor Function Measure Scale (GMFCS) and the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), revealing improvements in motor function and balance. Interactive storytelling sessions and playful therapeutic activities were utilized to foster engagement. Specific interventions targeting muscle tightness, impaired balance, and compromised lower limb strength were implemented, including exercises using therapeutic training pads, hydrotherapy, and targeted stretching routines. Strategies focusing on gait training, postural correction, and enhancement of pelvic and ankle stability were also integrated into the treatment plan. This case emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive and integrated physiotherapeutic approach in addressing the complex motor challenges faced by a child with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

Result: The results showed benefit in overall functional development of the child. The improvement was seen on Modified Tardieu Scale, Pediatric balance scale, and GMFCS level.

Conclusion: The implementation of physiotherapeutic interventions, including play therapy, task-oriented approaches, and action observation therapy, results in significant improvements in the child's functional abilities over time. Action observation therapy, in particular, plays a pivotal role in enhancing motor learning and functional independence by facilitating the imitation of motor actions and activating motor neurons. The results showed benefit in overall functional development of the child.