Interconnected Pathways To Quality Assurance In Higher Education: The Roles Of Outcome-Based Education, Accreditation, And Institutional Rankings

Abstract

This study examines the question of convergence in land productivity in Haryana agriculture from 1966-67 to 1990-91 and 1991-92 to 2019-20. The diminution of variation measured by coefficient of variation in land productivity levels is tested using the σ-convergence approach. The propensity of low-productivity zones to catch up with high-productivity zones is studied through the unconditional β-convergence approach. The results reveal that agro-climatic zones of Haryana are converging in terms of land productivity for the selected crops i.e. rice, grams, R&M, cotton and sugarcane during before liberalisation period. The results reveal also that zones are converging for the crops rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, R&M and cotton during the period of after liberalisation. The results indicating that there is a catch-up among the zones for the crops wheat, grams, R&M, cotton and sugarcane during the period of 1966-67 to 1990-91 and there is catch-up for the crops rice, wheat, bajra, grams, R&M, cotton and sugarcane for the period of 1991-92 to 2019-20.