“Exploring The Social Dynamics Of Hijras In India: A Comprehensive Survey Of Literature”

Abstract

In the past, the world generally recognized only two genders—male and female. However, more recently, the concept of a third gender has gained acceptance in certain regions. Until 2011, the Indian Census did not formally acknowledge the Transgender Community. The 2011 Census marked the first official recognition of third gender persons in India. The term Hijra is used in South Asia, particularly in India and Pakistan, to describe transgender individuals who are born male but do not completely identify as either male or female. The total transgender population in India is estimated to be approximately 4.88 lakh individuals. In India, transgender individuals, often referred to as Hijras, face a complex social and legal landscape. Traditionally recognized as a distinct gender category with cultural significance dating back centuries, Hijras are often marginalized and face discrimination despite legal recognition in recent years. However, challenges persist, including social stigma, highlighting ongoing struggles for equality and acceptance. The primary aim of this study is to gain insight into the status of the transgender population in India by reviewing relevant literature. Consequently, secondary sources of data have been employed for this study.