Socio-Cultural Transformations In Eighteenth Century Manipur: A Historical Perspective

Abstract

This paper explores the significant socio-cultural changes in Manipur during the 18^th century, focusing on the emergence of Hinduism as the predominant religion among the Meiteis. Officially adopted as the state religion in 1714 AD under King Garibanwaj, Hinduism was systematically introduced to the region’s non-Hindu communities. Brahmins from neighbouring states played a pivotal role at the royal court, overseeing ceremonies and rituals, while facilitating the translation of key Hindu texts from Sanskrit and Bengali into Manipuri. This cultural integration led to the incorporation of elements from Sanskrit, Bengali, and Hindi into various aspects of Manipuri society, significantly influencing literature and education. By the early 19^th century, Manipuri literature had surpassed its Sanskrit and Bengali counterparts in influence. Additionally, traditional Meitei deities were increasingly associated with Hindu gods, and educational initiatives like "Lairik Thiba Haiba" (speech and translation of scriptures) and "Waree leeba" (mass education) promoted widespread engagement with Hindu scriptures, exemplified through community performances of the Mahabharata and Ramayana.