Assessing the Impact of Mathematics on Human Capital Formation: A Comparative Study of Indian States

Abstract

This study examines how important mathematics education is for developing human capital and how it affects the standard of primary education in India.The study ranks 22 Indian states according to their mathematical learning outcomes for classes III, V, and VIII using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique. The results show that Punjab consistently ranks first in mathematics for all three classes, followed by Rajasthan. The study emphasizes the relevance of mathematics in strengthening the logical thinking, analytical, and problem-solving skills necessary for the creation of human capital and economic growth. The findings suggest that policymakers should focus on improving Mathematics education to enhance the quality of primary education and ultimately contribute to human capital development, economic growth, and sustainable development.