AI-Driven Optimization of Renewable Energy Systems: Enhancing Grid Efficiency and Smart Mobility Through 5G and 6G Network Integration

Abstract

Two interdependent domains form the emerging smart grid infrastructure: a hierarchical power system and a two-way communication system. The power and telecom industries have been separately developing their infrastructures, both federating energy resources (generation, storage, and demand-side management) and advocating its digital transformation. Recently, distribution automation technologies have been gaining ground. Distributed generation and storage resources are incrementally added to power systems to increase resilience and economic efficiency. Renewables are predominating the new generating resources, boosting the adoption of power electronics and controllability solutions. Meanwhile, power consumption varies with season, weather, and social factors, creating new challenges for grid operation. The traditional approach to managing fluctuations is expensive and limits economic efficiency. As a result, several power distributors have been rolling out solutions to reduce power fluctuations. One of these automation solutions is known as distribution automation. It allows power distribution systems to automatically reconfigure when a fault occurs, significantly reducing outage time and customer interruptions. Operators might also install sensors on critical grid components to measure equipment status parameters and provide real-time alerts for abnormal conditions. Such sensors feed the telecommunication network, making it a strategic asset. A bidirectional flow of information between power system and communication domain is foreseen, justifying the hybridization of power and telecom infrastructures.