Police And Criminal Justice System: In India

Abstract

This Research Paper explores the structure, functions, and challenges of the police and criminal justice system in India, tracing its evolution from the colonial framework established by the Police Act of 1861 to the present day. It examines the constitutional provisions, various police acts, and the division of policing responsibilities between state and central police organizations. The duties of the police, including crime prevention, investigation, maintenance of law and order, and protection of human rights, are outlined alongside legal provisions under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023. The paper identifies key challenges such as personnel shortages, outdated laws, inadequate training, corruption, political interference, and lack of modern resources. It concludes with suggested reforms, including manpower expansion, modernization of infrastructure, improved investigation techniques, reduced political interference, and anti-corruption measures, to enhance the efficiency and credibility of the Indian police force.