Diplomatic And Consular Services In Transition: A Comparative Analysis Of Kosovo And Albania In The Context Of European Integration

Abstract

This paper examines the transformation of diplomatic and consular services in Kosovo and Albania through a comparative lens, situating the analysis within the broader context of European integration. As two Western Balkan states at different stages of their European Union accession paths, Kosovo and Albania face shared structural challenges while pursuing reforms aligned with EU standards in diplomacy and consular administration. The study aims to assess how legal frameworks, institutional arrangements, and administrative practices governing diplomatic and consular services have evolved in response to European integration requirements. Methodologically, the paper adopts a qualitative comparative approach, combining normative legal analysis with an examination of policy documents, international conventions, and institutional practices in both countries. The analysis highlights areas of convergence, particularly in the harmonization of diplomatic functions, consular protection of citizens abroad, and adherence to international diplomatic law, as well as persistent divergences related to administrative capacity, digitalization, and external recognition constraints. The findings suggest that European integration has served as a significant driver of reform, promoting professionalization and standardization of diplomatic and consular services, while also exposing structural limitations that continue to affect their effectiveness. The paper concludes that deeper institutional consolidation and targeted capacity-building measures are essential for strengthening diplomatic and consular services and enhancing their role in supporting European integration objectives.