How Sustainable Are Small Pig Farms in Assam? Assessing the Need for Study and Action

Abstract

Background: Assam, India's 16th largest state, has a population exceeding 31.2 million and a significant agricultural sector, including piggery. Recent data shows Assam's pig population surpassing 2.1 million, akin to countries like Ireland and Portugal. Small pig farms in Assam mostly rear these pigs. Small-scale pig farming in Assam is characterised by strong family involvement, with critical decisions made collectively within the family unit, highlighting its socio-economic importance. The study aims to assess the sustainability of these farms.

Methods: Using purposive sampling, the study examined 1200 small-scale pig farmers in Assam's selected agro-climatic zones. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with structured questionnaires focused on pig numbers, housing, feed, farming preferences, and breed choices. Descriptive analysis was conducted to identify any distinct characteristics or uniformities among farmers across zones.

Results: The research explores small-scale pig farming practices across the diverse agro-climatic zones of Assam, shedding light on concentration trends and associated challenges. Indigenous breed preferences and the use of bamboo containment do reflect cultural traditions but raise biosecurity considerations and associated potential environmental implications. The variability in feed provision reflects environmental influences, while the involvement of families underscores the socio-cultural significance of pig farming, particularly regarding gender equity. The adoption of low-input rearing methods significantly influences economic factors. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of identifying sustainability indicators and conducting a comprehensive assessment of sustainability within the small-scale pig farming sector.