Teacher Training and Physical Education: Strategies for Addressing Learning Difficulties in Children

Abstract

Learning difficulties affect between 10% and 15% of school-age children, impacting their academic performance, emotional and social development. These children tend to focus on rewarding activities, such as video games or sports, avoiding routine tasks that demand sustained cognitive effort. This behavior makes it difficult for them to adapt to structured school environments and affects their self-esteem, increasing anxiety levels and the appearance of disruptive behaviors.

In addition to academic challenges, they face problems regulating emotions, such as low tolerance for frustration and stress, which limits their ability to interact socially and resolve conflicts. Interventions such as emotional regulation techniques and psychological support are essential.

Physical Education emerges as a key tool to address these difficulties. Exercise improves memory, attention, and emotional regulation, as well as fostering social skills through group activities. According to Lomas and Clemente (2017), moderate-high exercise programs have demonstrated significant improvements in behavior and cognitive abilities in children with learning difficulties. These strategies, together with an inclusive educational approach, are essential for their integral development.