Forest-Based Livelihoods and the Role of the State in Mizoram: Balancing Conservation and Economic Needs

Abstract

This study delves into the intricate relationship between forest-based livelihoods and conservation policies in Mizoram, a state in Northeast India known for its dense forests. These forests are central to the lives of local communities, providing resources for activities like shifting cultivation (jhum), bamboo harvesting, and collecting non-timber forest products. However, these traditional practices often clash with modern conservation efforts aimed at reducing deforestation and protecting biodiversity. By exploring the history of forest governance—from pre-colonial systems led by village chiefs to post-independence policies like the New Land Use Policy (NLUP) and Joint Forest Management (JFM)—the study sheds light on the socio-economic importance of forests and the challenges posed by unclear land rights, limited community involvement, and global frameworks like REDD+. Through qualitative research and case studies, it highlights the need to blend traditional ecological knowledge with modern approaches, promote sustainable livelihoods, and create policies that include and benefit local communities. The findings emphasize that with inclusive strategies, Mizoram can protect its biodiversity while ensuring the prosperity of its people, offering valuable insights into sustainable development for forest-rich regions worldwide.
Key Words: Forest, Ecology, Pre-Colonial, Colonial Period, Post Independence, Policies, Administration, Sustainable.