Development of Women Education in 19th Century Bengal

Abstract

The 19th century in Bengal was a transformative period for women’s education, marked by a confluence of colonial influences, indigenous reformist movements, and evolving socio-cultural attitudes. This study examines the development of women’s education during this era, focusing on the impact of British colonial policies, the contributions of key reformers such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and the broader socio-political context. British colonial administration introduced Western educational models, which, despite their utilitarian focus, inadvertently advanced women’s education. Concurrently, the Bengal Renaissance, with its emphasis on rationality and modernization, fueled indigenous efforts to promote women’s educational opportunities. Key figures, including Roy and Vidyasagar, played pivotal roles in establishing institutions and advocating for female education, challenging traditional norms and setting the stage for future advancements. Despite significant progress, challenges such as regional disparities and resistance to change persisted. The reforms of the 19th century laid the foundation for subsequent educational developments, contributing to a more inclusive and progressive educational landscape for women in Bengal. The study underscores the lasting impact of these reforms and their relevance to contemporary discussions on women’s education and gender equality.