A Systematic Review On Thiazole Synthesis And Biological Activities

Abstract

Thiazole is a special heterocycle with nitrogen and sulfur atoms that plays a significant role in medicinal chemistry. It is a vital structural component found in numerous synthetic and naturally occurring medically significant substances, such as vitamin B1 (thiamine). The fact that the thiazole nucleus is a necessary component of the penicillin nucleus and some of its derivatives, which have been shown to have antimicrobial, antiretroviral, antifungal, antihistaminic, and antithyroid properties, illustrates the nucleus' versatility. The recent use of thiazole derivatives as anthelmintics, vulcanizing accelerators (mercaptobenzothiazole), anticancer agents (tiazofurin), and photographic sensitizers has significantly increased their synthetic significance. The chemistry of thiazoles has gradually advanced following the groundbreaking research of Hofmann and Hantsch. Significant contributions to the field's expansion were made by Bogert and associates. The significance of the thiazole ring in cyanine dyes, which is used as a photographic sensitizer, was established by Mills. A fused derivative of thiazole that has demonstrated commercial value is benzothiazole. The current review focuses on several synthetic methodologies and biological activities of thiazole.