Communal Conflict and Policy Challenges: The Muslim Experience in Manipur

Abstract

Manipur, located in the northeastern region of India is marked by a rich tapestry of ethnic groups, each contributing to the complex socio-political landscape of the state. Among these groups, the Muslim community referred to as Pangal, holds a unique position that straddles integration and marginalization. This paper delves into the evolution of Muslim identity in Manipur, the communal tensions that have periodically disrupted the relationship between ethnic groups, and the role of the state in mediating these conflicts. Special attention is given to the communal riot of 1993, which represent a critical turning point in the collective consciousness of the Muslim community and its relationship with the state. Additionally, the paper examines the impact of state policies, such as reservations and socio-economic programmes on the Muslim population and explores avenues for addressing the ongoing challenges they face.